miércoles, 4 de junio de 2008

Los adjetivos en la poesía: limitan o acrecientan el verso

GLF

Es verdad que la herramienta del poeta es el lenguaje, el idioma que le ha tocado conocer y aprender; pero los purismos y las corrientes de moda en poesía, son un ancla que detiene un barco en alta mar.
Sirven, pero no debemos suscribirnos a estas reglas y modas como base del trabajo poético que contiene, en su profundidad, mucho más que retruécanos gramaticales y estilos artificiales.
Con lo anterior paso a un tema que ha sido de mucho interés para mí: el uso de los adjetivos en la poesía.
Los adjetivos siendo los acompañantes de los nombres para reforzarlos, cumplen una función de gran importancia, de valor nominal, que pueden debilitar o darle fuerza a un nombre a un verbo o a un adverbio.
Creo que el adjetivo más que acompañar a otros elementos gramaticales, tan vitales como los verbos, suele aparecer ahí por obra de la institución del poeta.
Un adjetivo que surge de la verdad, de la espontaneidad, antes y durante la labor poética en el verso, suele ser necesario.
Un ejemplo de poeta que hizo con los adjetivos una de las poesías más cristalinas y contundentes que he leído fue el español Antonio Machado; quien desde su libro Soledades, supo por intuición y técnica colocar el adjetivo justo en el lugar perfecto en el poema:

Leamos su poema

Fue una clara tarde, triste y soñolienta

Fue una clara tarde, triste y soñolienta
tarde de verano. La hiedra asomaba
al muro del parque, negra y polvorienta…
La fuente sonaba.
Rechinó en la vieja cancela mi llave;
con agrio ruido abrióse la puerta
de hierro mohoso y, al cerrarse, grave
golpeó el silencio de la tarde muerta.

O

El Cadalso

En la vieja plaza
de una vieja aldea,
erguía su horrible
pavura esquelética
el tosco patíbulo
de la fresca madera…
La aurora asomaba
lejana y siniestra.

Y así podemos encontrar repetidamente en sus libros “Del Camino”, “Humorismos, Fantasías, Apuntes”, “Campos de Castilla” y, con menos presencia de adjetivos, en sus “Poesías de la Guerra”, a un Machado calificando con toda naturalidad, momentos claves de la poesía española.
Por mi parte, muchas veces quise huir de los adjetivos, por aquello de las “recomendaciones” acerca de la monotonía que producen en los versos.
Ahora con más seguridad, me parece que los adjetivos, o cualquier otro elemento del idioma en la paleta del escritor, se quedan o se van, según la estética personal que cada uno tenga.

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